Figure 6-1. Frequency of NPL Sites with Plutonium and Selected Isotopes Contamination

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چکیده

Trace amounts of plutonium are found worldwide, mostly due to fallout from atmospheric nuclear testing, which ended in 1980, and released several isotopes of plutonium, including Pu, Pu, Pu, and Pu (Clark et al. 2006; DOE 2005a; Eisenbud and Gesell 1997). Plutonium is not naturally occurring; however, trace amounts of Pu are found in naturally occurring uranium ores, but the amounts are in such small amounts that extraction is not practical (Clark et al. 2006; Lide 2005). Small amounts of Pu exist in nature from remnants of primordial stellar nucleosynthesis (Clark et al. 2006). Small amounts of plutonium were produced in natural reactors, such as the Oklo natural reactor in the African nation of Gabon, which existed about 2 billion years ago (DOE 2005a). The most common form of plutonium found in the environment is Pu, followed by Pu (DOE 1999a).

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تاریخ انتشار 2010